Mahimman kalmomi: VPH Solid-phase holographic grating, Transmittance spectrophotometer, Reflectance spectrometer, Czerny-Turner Optical Road.
1.Bayyana
Fiber optic spectrometer za a iya rarraba shi azaman tunani da watsawa, bisa ga nau'in grating diffraction.Diffraction grating shine ainihin nau'in gani, yana nuna adadi mai yawa na sifofi iri ɗaya ko dai a saman ko a ciki.Abu ne mai mahimmanci fiber optic spectrometer.Lokacin da hasken ya yi mu'amala da waɗannan grating, tarwatse zuwa kusurwoyi mabambanta waɗanda tsayin raƙuman ruwa daban-daban suka ƙaddara ta wani sabon abu da aka sani da rarrabuwar haske.
A sama: spectrometer na nuna wariya (hagu) da na'urar watsawa (dama)
Abubuwan da aka bazawa a cikin nau'ikan biyu: tunani da watsa rikitarwa.Tunani gratings za a iya kara raba zuwa jirgin tunani gratings da concave gratings, yayin da watsa gratings za a iya raba zuwa cikin tsagi-type watsa gratings da girma lokaci holographic (VPH) watsa gratings.Wannan labarin galibi yana gabatar da nau'in na'ura mai walƙiya mai walƙiya na jirgin sama da na'urar watsawa ta VPH.
A sama: Ƙwaƙwalwar tunani (hagu) da watsawa grating (dama).
Me yasa yawancin spectrometers yanzu ke zaɓar tarwatsawa maimakon priism?An ƙaddara shi da farko ta hanyar ƙa'idodin gani na grating.Adadin layukan da milimita a kan grating (yawan layi, naúrar: layuka/mm) yana ƙayyadaddun iyawar gani na grating.Mafi girman girman layin grating yana haifar da mafi girman tarwatsa haske na tsawon magudanar ruwa daban-daban bayan wucewa ta cikin grating, yana haifar da mafi girman ƙudurin gani.Gabaɗaya, yawan abubuwan da ake samu da kuma grating sun haɗa da 75, 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3600, da dai sauransu, saduwa da buƙatu don jeri daban-daban da ƙuduri.Duk da yake, prism spectroscopy yana iyakance ta hanyar tarwatsa kayan gilashi, inda kayan tarwatsewar gilashi ke ƙayyade iyawar gani na prism.Tun da rarrabuwar kaddarorin kayan gilashin suna iyakance, yana da ƙalubale don daidaitawa da biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace iri-iri.Saboda haka, da wuya a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan na'urori na fiber optic spectrometers na kasuwanci.
Takaitaccen bayani: Tasirin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan grating daban-daban a cikin hoton da ke sama.
Hoton yana nuna faifan bakan haske na farin haske ta hanyar gilashin da baƙar fata ta hanyar grating.
Tarihin ci gaban gratings, ya fara ne da na al'ada "Gwajin tsaga sau biyu na Matasa": A cikin 1801, masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan Burtaniya Thomas Young ya gano tsangwama na haske ta amfani da gwaji mai tsaga biyu.Hasken monochromatic wanda ke wucewa ta tsagaka biyu yana nuna madaidaicin gefuna masu haske da duhu.Gwajin tsaga biyu da farko ya tabbatar da cewa haske yana nuna halaye kama da raƙuman ruwa (yanayin raƙuman haske), yana haifar da jin daɗi a cikin al'ummar kimiyyar lissafi.Daga baya, masana kimiyya da yawa sun gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tsangwama da yawa kuma sun lura da bambancin haske ta hanyar gratings.Daga baya, masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Faransa Fresnel ya haɓaka ainihin ka'idar grating diffraction ta hanyar haɗa dabarun lissafin da masanin kimiyar Jamus Huygens ya gabatar, yana zana waɗannan sakamakon.
Hoton yana nuna tsangwama sau biyu na Matasa a hagu, tare da madaidaicin gefuna masu haske da duhu.Multi-slit diffraction (dama), rarraba makada masu launi a umarni daban-daban.
2.Tsarin Ƙwararren Ƙwararru
Na'urori masu aunawa yawanci suna amfani da hanyar gani da ta ƙunshi grating na jirgin sama da madubai, wanda ake magana da shi azaman hanyar gani na Czerny-Turner.Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi tsagewa, ƙona wuta na jirgin sama, madubai guda biyu, da na'urar ganowa.Wannan ƙa'idar tana da ƙima da babban ƙuduri, ƙaramin ɓoyayyen haske, da babban kayan aikin gani.Bayan siginar hasken ya shiga ta wata ƙunƙunciyar tsaga, sai a fara haɗuwa da ita zuwa wani layi mai kama da katako ta hanyar mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda sai ya bugi ginshiƙan tsari mai ɗimbin yawa inda madaidaicin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa ke rarrabuwar su a kusurwoyi daban-daban.A ƙarshe, mai ɗaukar hoto yana mai da hankali ga karkataccen hasken akan na'urar gano hoto kuma ana yin rikodin sigina na tsawon tsayi daban-daban ta pixels a wurare daban-daban akan guntun photodiode, a ƙarshe yana haifar da bakan.Yawanci, spectrometer na tunani kuma ya haɗa da wasu masu tacewa-tsaro-tsari na biyu da ruwan tabarau na ginshiƙi don haɓaka ingancin sikirin fitarwa.
Hoton yana nuna nau'in giciye-nau'i na CT na gani na gani na spectrometer.
Ya kamata a ambata cewa Czerny da Turner ba su ne suka ƙirƙiro wannan tsarin na gani ba amma ana tunawa da su ne saboda irin gudunmawar da suka bayar a fannin ilimin gani—Masanin taurarin Australiya Adalbert Czerny da masanin kimiyar Jamus Rudolf W. Turner.
Hanyar gani ta Czerny-Turner gabaɗaya za a iya rarraba ta zuwa nau'i biyu: ƙetare da buɗewa (nau'in M).Hanya na gani da aka ketare/hanyar gani-nau'in nau'in M ta fi karami.Anan, madaidaicin madaidaicin hagu-dama na madubai masu maƙarƙashiya guda biyu dangane da grating na jirgin sama, suna nuna ramuwar juna na ɓarna a gefe, yana haifar da ƙudurin gani mafi girma.SpectraCheck® SR75C fiber optic spectrometer yana amfani da hanyar gani mai nau'in M, yana samun babban ƙuduri na gani har zuwa 0.15nm a cikin kewayon ultraviolet na 180-340 nm.
A sama: Hanyar gani-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i / nau'in fadada-nau'in (M-type).
Bugu da kari, baya ga lebur guraben da ake ci, akwai kuma dandali mai cike da wuta.Za'a iya fahimtar grating ɗin daɗaɗɗen wuta a matsayin haɗuwa da madubi mai ma'ana da kuma grating.Saboda haka, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya ƙunshi tsagewa kawai, da injin daskarewa, da na'urar ganowa, wanda ke haifar da kwanciyar hankali.Duk da haka, ƙoƙon ƙonawa ya saita abin da ake buƙata a kan hanya da nisa na hasken da ya faru, yana iyakance zaɓuɓɓukan da ake da su.
A sama: Concave grating spectrometer.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-26-2023